What is Gum Disease? What are the Symptoms?
What is Gum Disease?
Gum disease is defined as an infection affecting the gums and usually affects the soft tissues around the teeth, which can lead to tooth loss in advanced cases. Often caused by plaque buildup, it begins in the early stages with gingivitis called gingivitis. If left untreated, it can progress to periodontitis and destroy the supporting bone tissue of the teeth. Symptoms of gum disease include bleeding, swelling, redness and tenderness. Regular teeth cleaning and good oral hygiene play an important role in preventing these diseases.
What are the Symptoms of Gum Disease?
Gum diseases are serious problems that negatively affect oral health and can lead to tooth loss in progressive cases. Early detection of these diseases is of great importance in terms of preventing their progression. Symptoms of gum disease can generally be listed as follows:
- Bleeding Gums: Bleeding gums during brushing or flossing.
- Swollen and Red Gums: The gums appear more swollen and red than normal.
- Gum Recession: The gums recede in a way that exposes the tooth roots.
- Bad breath (Halitosis): A persistent and unpleasant bad breath.
- Sensitivity: Sensitivity of the gums to hot, cold or sweet foods and drinks.
- Wobbling of the Teeth: In severe cases, the teeth move or wobble.
- Pus on the Gums: Purulent areas between or around the gums.
Which Factors Cause Gum Disease?
Gum disease can be caused by various factors. The most important of these is inadequate oral hygiene, as not brushing and flossing regularly can lead to plaque build-up and subsequent gingivitis. Genetic predisposition, hormonal changes, smoking, unhealthy diet, stress and certain systemic diseases (e.g. diabetes) can also play a role in the development of gum disease. In addition, problems in dental treatment, such as incorrectly fitted dentures or filling overflows, can also negatively affect gum health.
In Which Stages Does Gum Disease Develop?
Gum disease is a process that often starts with early symptoms and can progress to more serious stages if left untreated. The stages of development of this disease are described below:
- Gingivitis (Gum Inflammation): It is the first stage of gum disease. Symptoms such as redness, swelling and bleeding occur in the gums. Bone loss does not occur at this stage and can be reversed with proper oral hygiene.
- Early Periodontitis: Untreated gingivitis can develop into early periodontitis. At this stage, the gums move away from the tooth and small pockets form. Mild bone loss begins to be seen.
- Advanced Periodontitis: This is the most advanced stage of gum disease. The gums and bone are severely damaged. Loosening or loss of teeth may occur. If left untreated, this stage can permanently affect oral health.
How to Treat Gum Disease?
Gum disease treatment is done in different ways depending on the type of disease and the level of progression. Treatment usually begins by removing plaque and tartar from the tooth surfaces. This is done by root surface smoothing and curettage, known as “deep cleaning”. More advanced gum disease may require surgery, medication or laser treatment. In addition, the patient's attention to oral hygiene and regular dental check-ups are critical to the success of the treatment.
What are the Complications of Gum Disease During Pregnancy?
Gum disease during pregnancy can have negative effects on the health of both mother and baby. These diseases can be associated with serious complications such as premature birth, low birth weight and pregnancy toxemia. In addition, the increase in pregnancy hormones can make the gums more sensitive and increase inflammation. Therefore, it is important to take extra care of oral and dental health during pregnancy.
What Can Be Done to Prevent Gum Disease?
Regular oral hygiene is extremely important to prevent gum disease. Brushing your teeth at least twice a day with a fluoride toothpaste, flossing or using interdental cleaners is essential. Adopting a balanced diet and limiting the consumption of sugary foods also helps to maintain the health of the gums. If you smoke, you should consider quitting, as smoking can trigger gum disease. Regular visits to the dentist and professional dental cleanings also reduce the risk of disease.
Frequently Asked Questions
If gum disease is left untreated, it can progress and lead to more serious problems. What initially appears as gingivitis can develop into gum recession and a more advanced infection called periodontitis.
Yes, gum disease can cause tooth loss. Left untreated, gum disease leads to damage to the bone and tissues that support the teeth. This can cause the teeth to wobble and eventually lose them.
Gum disease is a condition that usually causes inflammation and bleeding in the gums. This disease can manifest itself with symptoms such as swelling, redness and tenderness of the gums. As gum disease progresses, pain may also occur.
Yes, gum disease is more common in smokers. Smoking negatively affects oral health and paves the way for the development of gum diseases. Problems such as dry mouth, decreased saliva production and weakened immune system occur in smokers.
Many people wonder whether natural remedies for gum disease are effective. Some natural remedies can help strengthen the gums and reduce inflammation, but their scientifically proven effectiveness is limited.